Which of the following is essential for effective planning in an organization?

Clear goals and policies are essential for effective planning in an organization because they provide a defined direction and framework within which the organization operates. Having clear goals ensures that all team members understand the aims of the organization, which aligns their efforts towards achieving common objectives. Policies guide decision-making and set consistent practices across the organization, facilitating coordination and helping to manage resources efficiently.

When an organization has well-defined goals, it can make strategic decisions that drive performance. This clarity not only helps in prioritizing projects and initiatives but also enables the assessment of progress toward those goals. Policies ensure that everyone is on the same page regarding procedures, standards, and behaviors, which is crucial for maintaining order and efficiency within various departments.

While financial reports, employee satisfaction surveys, and market research are important components of an organization's overall strategy and operations, they serve more as supporting tools that inform and guide the organization's planning process rather than being the foundational elements of effective planning itself.