What is the term for the amount of potential difference a layer of insulation can withstand?

The correct term for the amount of potential difference a layer of insulation can withstand is dielectric strength. This measure indicates how well an insulating material can resist electric breakdown when subjected to an electric field. It is expressed in volts per unit thickness (e.g., volts/mil or volts/mm) and directly correlates to the material's effectiveness in preventing current from passing through it. The higher the dielectric strength, the more robust the insulation is against high voltage conditions, which is crucial for ensuring safety and function in electrical systems.

When understanding dielectric strength, it's important to also consider its practical applications, such as when selecting insulation materials for electrical components to ensure they can operate safely under expected voltage conditions. This concept is essential in various fields, including electrical engineering, to prevent failures that could lead to equipment damage or hazardous situations.