What is the primary role of the impeller in a centrifugal pump?

The primary role of the impeller in a centrifugal pump is to increase the pressure of the fluid. As the impeller rotates, it imparts kinetic energy to the fluid, causing it to flow outward from the center of the rotating impeller. This movement increases the fluid's velocity and, as it exits the impeller, the velocity is converted into pressure energy, creating the necessary pressure to move the fluid through the pump and into the piping system. The design of the impeller, including the shape and the number of blades, is critical in determining how efficiently the pump can build pressure and transport the fluid.

While reducing vibrations, filtering the fluid, and maintaining temperature are important considerations in pump design and operation, they are not the primary function of the impeller itself. The impeller is fundamentally focused on driving the fluid movement and increasing pressure, which is essential for the effective operation of a centrifugal pump.